Thursday, June 20, 2013

FYI: [NetworkAztlan_News] Massive Demos Tonight In Brazil

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Venceremos! We Will Win! Educate to Liberate!
Peter S. Lopez AKA @Peta_de_Aztlan
Sacramento, California

c/s


From: Cort Greene <cort.greene@gmail.com>
To: Venezuela_Today <Venezuela_Today@yahoogroups.com>; csny <CubaSolidarityNY@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Thursday, June 20, 2013 2:36 PM
Subject: [NetworkAztlan_News] Massive Demos Tonight In Brazil

 
Crazy scenes out of Brasilia right now as riot police scramble to encircle presidents office to prevent protesters from getting there.

a great aerial view of the 10s of 1000s on the streets of Recife, Brazil: pic.twitter.com/DuS7jDx7jm

@teleSURtv #LAFOTO: Continúan las protestas en las calles de Río de Janeiro pic.twitter.com/806hhDAZq3

Brasil saiu à rua - Brazil came out to the streets pic.twitter.com/MumGK7q7PC

historic crowds in Rio de Janeiro, no other description http://g1.globo.com/protestos-no-brasil/2013/cobertura/  pic.twitter.com/jDoCrNH29T



Brazil: Fare increase defeated! What next?

Written by Esquerda Marxista (Brazil)Thursday, 20 June 2013
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The mayor of Sao Paulo, Haddad, has been forced to retreat on the question of bus fare increases along with the regional governor Alckmin and Rio de Janeiro mayor Eduardo Paz. In the wake of this move in the largest cities in the country, others will follow suit. Campinas and Niterói have also already announced the revocation of the fare increase. Very few mayors will be able to resist!
busfare-world-cup-movment-2And the movement? The leaders say it continues. Yes, but to where? What should be demanded? What do we want? Less circuses and more education?[A reference to the World Cup. The Roman Emperors used to try to appease their people with "Bread and Circuses" to avoid addressing serious political issues.] We agree
The Marxist Left acknowledges that the movement has taken to the streets and is powerful. But its power depends on how organised it becomes, on how much the demonstrators become aware of their own power and organise themselves. One protester wrote: "they [the ruling class] do not represent us." This is 100% correct. But in order for us to represent ourselves we need to get organised. Democratic mass plenary meetings, with the participation of all social movements and organisations, trade unions, Student Councils, student unions, and political parties and movements must be organized in all cities so that the protesters themselves can decide upon the direction of the movement.
The big trade unions need to get involved in the struggle and lend their resources to the protesters, starting with vehicle mounted sound systems powerful enough so they can be heard by everyone in the squares and demonstrations. Mass assemblies should be organised with all the protesters, where the proposals of the plenary meetings can be put to the vote. For this to happen these sound systems are needed.
As well as this, democracy is required. Democracy means the right to disagree. If you do not like political parties, you're free to do so. But anyone who is organised in a party or trade union has as much right to protest and participate as anyone who is not organised. And he has the right to bring his flag, his banner and his placard. Preventing him from doing so runs counter to democracy. We should also take special note that it is vital to prevent confusion or aggression within our own ranks due to individual differences. It is also vital to prevent infiltrators and opportunists from destroying shops and public buildings during the protests. This is our task as demonstrators, the police will not help us.
We, the Marxist Left, present what we believe should be the banners of the movement for the next period. And we submit them for discussion in plenary meetings and mass assemblies that we should all take responsibility for organising:
  • Down with repression! Freedom for the prisoners, drop all charges against protesters!
  • Nationalisation of transportation, towards free public transport!
  • End payment of foreign and internal debt!
  • More funds for health and education!
  • The R$26 billion for the World Cup should be allocated to health and education!
  • Consistent struggle towards socialism!
Thursday, June 20, 2013
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Sunday, June 09, 2013

Re: [NetworkAztlan_News] LONG LIVE APACHE RESISTANCE [1 Attachment]

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Venceremos! We Will Win! Educate to Liberate!
Peter S. Lopez AKA @Peta_de_Aztlan
Sacramento, California

c/s


From: "elmachete@sbcglobal.net" <elmachete@sbcglobal.net>
To: dope_x_resistancela@yahoogroups.com; "Whittier_Peace@yahoogroups.com" <Whittier_Peace@yahoogroups.com>; "NetworkAztlan_News@yahoogroups.com" <NetworkAztlan_News@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Saturday, June 8, 2013 12:31 PM
Subject: [NetworkAztlan_News] LONG LIVE APACHE RESISTANCE [1 Attachment]

 
[Attachment(s) from elmachete@sbcglobal.net included below]


--- On Sat, 6/8/13, Hueteotl Lopez <wed2012@yahoo.com> wrote:

From: Hueteotl Lopez <wed2012@yahoo.com>
Subject: LONG LIVE APACHE RESISTANCE
To:
Date: Saturday, June 8, 2013, 12:30 PM

On This Day: In 1874 Apache Chief Cochise passed away. He was a chief (a nantan) of the Chokonen ("central" or "real" Chiricahua) band of the Chiricahua Apache ...and a leader in defending his people's land from continued invasions. For Cochise, the invaders held nothing sacred and had violated the rules of war by capturing and killing Mangas Coloradas during a parley session. Cochise and the Apaches continued their fight against American and Mexican invaders and military positions throughout the 1860s.
Amazing...i live right in the heart of Apacheria and nobody in masse knows anything about Apache history, resistence, removal, and genocide. There are absolutely NO large Apache groups here. Why? Because there is a massive copper mine right on the spot where the Apache's made their homes. These Gabachos around here don't want to know who this land belonged to. They say, "Well, we really don't know who was here". But, they're real quick to dig up our ancestors, steal pots, stone tools, arrowheads, and put them behind glass in a museum to continually perpetuate the lie that we are no longer here, of the past, unknown, and gone forever while they continue to celebrate their status arising from their sick imaginations, laws, and illigetimate authority as squatters, frontiermen, trappers, traders, surveyors, homesteaders, miners, wranglers, cattlemen, Indian Agents, Governors, priests, Ethnologists, policemen, Judges, posses, and killers.
Long live Cochise, Mangas Coloradas, Victorio, Monica, Nana, Monteras, Taleluz, Yaque, Delgadito, Miguel Narbona, Josecito, Relles, Chato, Dostehseh, Vicente, Mahko, Cuchillo Negro, Chato, Itan, El Compa, Phalios Palacio, and all the Chiricahuas, Chokonens, Chihenne, Bedonkohes, Nednhis, Mescaleros, Jicarillas, and all our warriors hailing from what they now call Grant County where I live, where my Apache brothers & sisters resisted European invasions, theft, & murder for nearly 200 years!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Monday, June 03, 2013

Ravinder > Re: Humane-Rights-Agenda Hindus Killing Hindus for Ages – Exclusive [1 Attachment]

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Do you have a direct webpage LINK?

Venceremos! We Will Win! Educate to Liberate!
Peter S. Lopez AKA @Peta_de_Aztlan
Sacramento, California

c/s


From: Ravinder Singh <progressindia008@yahoo.com>
To: pshrc_chd@yahoogroups.com; groundroots@yahoogroups.com; politics_in_india@yahoogroups.com; change-india@yahoogroups.com; PUCL@yahoogroups.com; awakening_india@yahoogroups.com; humanrightsactivist@yahoogroups.com; indiathinkersnet@yahoogroups.com; PWAP@yahoogroups.com; Humane-Rights-Agenda@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Sunday, June 2, 2013 6:44 PM
Subject: Humane-Rights-Agenda Hindus Killing Hindus for Ages – Exclusive [1 Attachment]

 
[Attachment(s) from Ravinder Singh included below]
Hindus Killing Hindus for Ages – Exclusive
June03, 2013
 
Friend,
As you have asked almost everything about India so I have provided you with a short answer. Up to 80% population would be lost in drought but irrigation facilities were not developed – even today 80% river waters are lost. We were over 32% in population could have been much more dominating the world.
 
For ages we have caste system people of lower castes were systematically exploited by upper caste and traders who in league with rulers would make sure that poor remain poor, but produce all the wealth for the rich yet not even entitled to minimum wages.
 
You must be puzzled to see a company allocated say 20 billion tones of Coal worth $2Trilion at international price - nobody is interested in recovering it – everyone is after PM. India is like UK a Parliamentary Democracy. For nine years opposition is holding key positions in Parliamentary Committees they knew everything, all these policies were approved by the government with their voting. Actually Loot started in a big way only after Ruling Congress was defeated in 1996.
 
Sir Cotton in his book in 1850-75 has reported India could have produced over 10 times more food or literally feed the world but nobody was interested because that would make poor and untouchable healthy and prosperous. We had resources and technology for well over thousand years much before muslim invaders came to India. In fact some of the huge old temples are made of granite.
 
Similarly Florence Nightingale wrote how farmers were exploited by Moneylenders who would charge exorbitant interest rate and made him give Thumb impression on Mortgage Documents to take over their properties.
 
All knowledge was kept as Closely Guarded Secret in Sanskrit Language – there was severe punishment for anyone learning Sanskrit. 95% population was illiterate.
 
90% young Indians can read at least is great achievement of the government. Poor People are getting Smarter and Intelligent. Most State governments are these days Ruled by Farmers, Backward Castes. There is already a political transformation.
 
Nation is passing through REVOLUTION phase when Rich Have Joined Forces and are resisting change. Eventually Majority shall prevail.
 
With this background I think you have learnt the truth.
 
Now your specific questions  
 
1.  Obviously I am disappointed with the state of our people.
 
2.  I post messages to PM and other Leaders directly and to other groups as well. I was moderating Indianthinkers for some years.
 
3.  I do make IMPACT EVERYTIME but there are 50-100 times more people who don't want change for various reasons.
 
4.  Most of my letters are acknowledged but there is SLOW progress most times – and not properly implemented mainly because of Gross Incompetence also.
 
BABUS – Babus don't perform because there are VERY FEW PROPER & CORRECT complaints and they believe all others are Happy.
 
5.  INVENTIONS & MACHINES:  All the inventions are made by Workers Engineers who are working in factories not by Officials and Clerks.
 
All machines perform as per design specifications.
 
India definitely invents but Inventors are denied PATENTS funding and Inventions become Property of Factory Owners – Government official Steal Inventions also.
 
R&D and product development is VERY VERY expensive.
 
Yes I agree India has no Intellectual Culture but there is IDIOT culture in its place unqualified speak on subjects. I have stated earlier how IDIOTS were awarded NOBEL prizes.
 
I agree Rulers in our democracy are Old with outdated ideas but tragedy is Opposition is WORSE are in reality Clowns, are in politics for 40 years but know nothing. Indian Universities shall not improve unless they get better students and work with Industry linkage.
 
School children are overburdened with useless subjects when focus in present times ought to be Maths and Science. They don't learn much for first 20-30 years other than prescribed given in in text books that too is mostly outdated or useless.
 
You are right Children must be allowed to Play With Toys and let their brains develop naturally learning than forced learning.
 
Observations of Mark Tully or VS Naipaul are largely facts but –
 
China – All the World's Technologies are available in PATENTS freely available. China has tapped in to this source – invested heavily in R&D – every company in china has R&D establishment – China killed all Traders – so China is advancing 5 times faster than USA as an example.
 
INDIA can learn and adopt this model.
 
DELHI METRO:  I was referring to Delhi Metro technology that allows 30 trains in each direction per hour. Earlier single Railway Tracks served 10 trains in each direction in 24 hours.
 
India can also add and additional track and achieve 50% higher average speed at negligible extra cost and serve more people at one third cost than China.

Ravinder Singh
Inventor & Consultant

--- On Sun, 6/2/13, Eddie wrote:

Subject: Re: Human Intellect, Healthy Body & Mind Produce GDP

Date: Sunday, June 2, 2013, 9:34 PM
 
HI Ravinder,
 
You are an unusual guy. From the stream of impassioned letters you write to high officials (PM Singh down), it is clear that, as 'inventor consultant' (as you call yourself) you must be intensely frustrated and disenchanted by India's continued backwardness on all fronts – development, technology etc.
 
1.  And I agree with you. What I don't understand is why you have chosen to send your letters from an insignificant forum like IndiaThinkersNet, virtually unknown for original thinking or rational argument (barring Xavier William). Sadly, forum members don't bother to comment on your plentiful views. I felt I must.
 
A more scholarly platform to launch your views would surely earn you greater credibility and response.
 
Don't you think? My next question is: given the dearth of basic courtesies from Indian officials, how often do you receive an acknowledgement? What impact do you believe you have made on the minds of the Delhi babus after so much dedicated writing on topical issues? I'd be interested to know.
 
2.  As for specifics: on 1st June, you wrote about the role of intellect and health in contributing toward GDP. And you quoted a 'brilliant speech' made in the British House of Commons in 1846 on working conditions. You remind that
 
"Important inventions were made by Factory workers in UK. Cotton mills productivity per worker in UK was 100 to even 1000 times more than Indian factories". You advise that Indians do likewise. 
 
I fear your argument doesn't hold. What works for westerners does not for Indians.
 
India does not invent or innovate. India has no intellectual culture to speak of. Can you name an Indian public intellectual of international standing? The rulers have no ideas, no vision. No high quality and excellence in educational institutions. There may be hundreds of 'Universities' but they are mostly sub-standard and should not be called universities. In the annual global ranking of Universities, the top 50 places go to the West and East Asia (Japan, Korea, China, Singapore). No Indian institution has ever appeared among the top 300 !!
Do the Delhi babus care?
This simply suggests that the Indian educational system (from schools up) is seriously defective and, since existing teachers themselves don't know better, improvement can only come about with foreign help (preferably from East Asia). School kids must be taught how to think and reason. Else India will forever depend on foreign thinking on ideas, technology, security etc.

3. VS Naipaul in his early essays wrote:

"India is profoundly dependent on others, both for questions and answers. - a country held together by no intellectual current.  The state is withering away for lack of ideas.  Every discipline, skill and proclaimed ideal of the modern Indian state is a copy of something known to exist elsewhere. Indians, including the holy men, have continually to look outside for approval. Local judgment has no value. Without the foreign chit, Indians can have no confirmation of their own reality."
Mark Tully (former BBC correspondent in India) wrote in his book No Full Stops in India (1992):.
"Indian barely rates as a trading nation - with no monopoly of any essential commodity. It can only threaten its smaller neighbours – it does not count in the capitals of the West…

"India's elite have never recovered from their colonial hangover and so they have not developed the ideology, the attitudes and institutions that would change the poor from subjects to partners…"
"India is still dominated by foreign thinking. Colonialism teaches the native elite to ape the ways of their foreign rulers. That habit or mind continues in independent India."
I could quote more but that will do.
Ravinder, in your email of 31 May, you say "I admire China for its rapid economic success through R&D but India can do better than China in all sectors with Japan..."
Poor India does not do R & D – its scholars are simply not up too the mark.
Research output is pathetic. India may do better but only with foreign help, not on its own.
You refer to Delhi's metro – but the knowhow and design was Japanese while the trains are Korean. So what world class engineering projects can India design and execute?
Until India's education institutions are upgraded (with foreign help), tech progress will depend on foreign help.
Good wishes.
Eddie


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Saturday, June 01, 2013

[HELP-Matrix Blog] 3 Key Benefits of Connecting With the Earth ~By Dr. Daniel Chong

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Venceremos! We Will Win! Educate to Liberate!
Peter S. Lopez AKA @Peta_de_Aztlan
Sacramento, California

c/s

----- Forwarded Message -----
From: Blogger <no-reply@blogger.com>
To: peter.lopez51@yahoo.com
Sent: Saturday, June 1, 2013 9:32 AM
Subject: [HELP-Matrix Blog] 3 Key Benefits of Connecting With the Earth ~By Dr. Daniel Chong

http://southweb.org/lifewise/3-key-benefits-of-connecting-with-the-earth/ 
~via @Lifewisenews:

Published On: Sun, May 26th, 2013

Natural Health / Natural Remedies | Byeditor

barefeet
What are the most basic, fundamental recommendations you can think of in terms of how to improve your health and prevent disease?

Eat well. Exercise. Get more sleep.

Sound familiar? That's what I learned in school and that's what I teach to my patients and clients on a daily basis. Some might argue other steps like exposure to sunshine and fresh air, stress reduction, quality social interaction, living a purposeful life and even hydrotherapy are equally necessary and fundamental, and I really wouldn't argue against any of them. What I would, however, argue for is the inclusion of an additional step; one that, until recently, has been fairly unrecognized, certainly by the conventional medical system, but also by most alternative health practitioners. What is it?

Touch the Earth.

Wait a second, you say. Unless I've had this whole gravity thing wrong all along, I thought we were touching the earth. Well, we are, but not like we should be. It just so happens that humans are actually meant to touch the earth with our bare skin, and that doing so may be as fundamentally healthy for us as any other health promoting habits you've learned about along the way.

The most common term used these days to describe this simple, yet powerful healing technique is Earthing. Another term is grounding. If you have yet to explore this technique, you are all missing out. In fact, these days, from what I have seen in my own practice, I would now rate it as on par with all other basics requirements for optimal health we know so well.

Traditional healthcare systems like Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine have promoted the health benefits of skin-to-skin contact with the earth for hundreds, if not thousands of years. If that's not reason enough to consider this therapy, there is also now a growing body of research not only proving what those wise physicians knew all along, but showing exactly what happens when we perform this simple act.

What is known for certain is when you touch the earth with your skin or through material that does not insulate you from its energy field you immediately begin absorbing a significant amount of electrons from its surface into your body. The key questions are whether or not this matters to you and what exactly happens to you when you do it. My experiences, having recommended this treatment to patients now for years, have been nothing short of astounding in some cases. I like research and reproducible "proof" as much as the next doc, but for me, the responses I see in my own patients trump all. Nonetheless, for other obvious reasons, research and the proof it can provide are important. Here are some highlights from what we know so far:

1. Touching the earth is calming, reduces many negative effects of stress and can help you sleep
Have you ever arrived at your favorite park or beach, taken your shoes off and felt a seemingly instantaneous sense of calm overtake you? You've probably never even thought twice about it. Being at the beach or in a park is just nice, so of course you feel calmer right? Nope, it appears there may be something more to it than that.

Recent research into the effects of grounding is showing that it leads to an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity, and reduces sympathetic activity. The fact that most of us walk around in a state of nearly perpetual sympathetic overdrive, anything that encourages parasympathetic activity is beneficial. Beyond that, additional research into other parameters of stress has shown that grounding also directly normalizes both cortisol secretion, a hallmark of stress activity in the body, and melatonin secretion, which is of course crucial for a good night's sleep and possibly much, much more.

2. Touching the earth is anti-inflammatory
Chronic inflammation is now understood to be a primary, causative factor in seven of the top ten leading causes of mortality in the United States. It is beyond the scope of this article to review the details of chronic inflammation, how and why it happens, but it is important to realize that chronic inflammation is not a good thing, and Earthing may be a simple way to reduce it, whatever the cause may be.

As we know, an inflammatory response in your body begins with the production of free radicals (electrically charged particles) in an injured area, which help prevent infection and stimulate the healing process. However, when an inflammatory response becomes chronic, the excessive free radical activity begins to damage healthy tissue in the surrounding area. Depending on the tissue in question, this process could result in cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis or one of many other types of chronic disease.

Earthing, which saturates the healthy tissue in your body with negative electrons, literally works to create a barrier through which these free radicals cannot pass, in turn protecting you from the outlying damage they would otherwise cause.

3. Touching the earth helps keep your blood flowing
For blood to flow efficiently through your veins, arteries and capillaries, the cells need to move freely amongst each other, and not get stuck together. To aid in this process the surface of your red blood cells all have a negative charge to them, known as a zeta potential, literally causing them to repel each other. The greater the negative charge is around your blood cells, the greater the zeta potential, and the better your blood cells will bounce off of each other and continue flowing along. The electrons you absorb from the earth's surface are negatively charged as well, and contribute to a greater zeta potential. The end result then is that touching the earth helps to naturally encourage blood flow. This discovery has far-reaching implications for the field of cardiology, and some of the most cutting edge, brightest minds in it have begun to take notice. Dr. Stephen Sinatra of Heartmdinstitute.com is one of the more well-known and respected physicians in the field of integrative cardiology. He is also a huge proponent of earthing and encourages it to as a preventative health measure for all cardiology patients.

Conclusion

There are many more reasons why reconnecting with the earth is good for you, some of which I'm sure have yet to even be discovered. Perhaps the most obvious explanation though, is that it is simply natural.

With our technologically advanced world changing at such an astoundingly fast pace, it is easy to forget where we have come from and what our bodies are adapted to. What it all boils down to is that chronically ill people have literally become that way specifically because of how unnatural their lives are and how far away from nature they have moved both literally and figuratively. Time and again we all see proof that the reintroduction of simple, natural necessities like whole food, movement, and sleep into their lives, helps our patients get better. Adding Earthing to your list of preventive health practices will undoubtedly serve to further enhance your vitality and add an entirely unique angle of support for your long term health.

References:
By Dr. Daniel Chong – a licensed naturopathic physician in Portland, OR since 2000. He is currently lead physician for the Universal Men's Clinic of Portland.
View original article here

http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/benefits-reconnecting-earth

LINK: Earth Energy Healing ~ http://www.holistic-mindbody-healing.com/earth-energy-healing.html  ~via @Peta_de_Aztlan
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Posted By Blogger to HELP-Matrix Blog at 5/26/2013 09:29:00 AM


Friday, May 31, 2013

VIA [NetworkAztlan_News] The Need for Poetry: Marti´s Philosophy

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Gracias Cort ~ I will blog this and share with others.
Concentration on the coordination of communications!
Venceremos! We Will Win! Educate to Liberate!
Peter S. Lopez AKA @Peta_de_Aztlan
Sacramento, California

c/s


From: Cort Greene <cort.greene@gmail.com>
To: Venezuela_Today <Venezuela_Today@yahoogroups.com>; csny <CubaSolidarityNY@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Friday, May 31, 2013 7:57 AM
Subject: [NetworkAztlan_News] The Need for Poetry: Marti´s Philosophy

 
Point of Information and little known facts: Jose Marti spent time in New York City while working on behalf and towards the Cuban revolution against Spanish imperialism, he also traveled many times to Tampa, Jacksonville and to Key West which were a hotbeds for sending arms, money and to recruit people to fight for the Cuban revolution.

In Ybor City, the Latin section of Tampa on November 26 and 27, 1891, he delivered two speeches there—Con Todos Y Para Todos ("With All and For All"), and Los Pinos Nueyog ("The New Growth")—which outlined the goals of the United Cuban Revolutionary Party. Both speeches were reproduced in newspapers and journals in the United States and Cuba and inflamed Cuban desire for independence. In 1893 Martí delivered the speech that many feel led directly to war. More than 10,000 Cubans jammed into a small outdoor area in front of the V.M. Ybor Cigar Factory, punctuating Martí's speech with cries of "Cuba Libre!" (Free Cuba!) Following that rousing evening, workers from all the factories pledged to give one day's pay a week to the revolutionary fund.

Sadly the US co-opted that phase of the Cuban revolution, where have we seen this before?

Cort


The Need for Poetry: Marti´s Philosophy
Autor: Carmen Súarez León | Fuente: CUBARTE | 30 de Mayo 2013
It is of no use to turn to Marti´s texts in search of systematic and theoretical approaches to dealing with an issue. He did not have time for such methodical exercises of thought, although he spent his life writing books, some of which did assume this type of thought. The truth is he did not have vocation either. He was a total poet, someone who could synthesize and integrate, and he acted in life in the same way.
The surprising and solid dialectic of his thought leads us, when we research the meaning of a concept included in one of his texts, to find that the ideas move beyond one single meaning and level and they adapt according to the level at which they are being examined. That is what happens with the concept of culture. The proposal for the central role of culture in his programme of transformation for the republics of Latin America is summarised, as we know, in his essay entitled "Our America": "...in America the imported book has been conquered by the natural man. Natural men have conquered learned and artificial men. The native half-breed has conquered the exotic Creole. The struggle is not between civilization and barbarity, but between false erudition and Nature."
That "natural man", as José Martí called authentic man, in harmony with the circumstances and conditions of life, was then the true subject of culture in Latin America, the only one capable of building a harmonious relationship with nature, which is the same as saying that he could make truly human history and culture with his actions.
From this general concept of "civilisation", a word frequently used last century, one can glean a coherent idea of his thoughts on art, or what we call today, artistic culture, as a result of his reflections on culture as a way of man´s interrelating with nature, in which one can identify different sociocultural expressions.
Among Martí´s ideas on the subject of art, there are four that I would highlight as central and active:
l. The inseparable and interactive nature between artistic culture and life;
2. The need for artistic culture as a balancing force and affirmation of the subjectivity of the individual;
3. The need for artistic culture as a force for integration and conservation of the nation;
4. A call to disseminate knowledge and culture.
In 1882, on publishing Ismaelillo, a poetry anthology, José Martí repeatedly stated his fear that he would classed as a "poet of verse" instead of a "poet of actions", in that way classifying his own life´s journey as an artistic construct. From that we can deduce that for Martí man was required to produce or create his actions with the beauty and coherence with which one writes a poem or paints. And this was the height of the condition of creator, in which ethics and aesthetics were inseparably intertwined.
Furthermore, Martí confers the status of art to the creation of organic life itself, seeing in inherited culture, creative actions which could be attributed to nature itself. On describing the book "The Law of Heredity", by W.K. Brooks, in 1884, Martí says: "Life is a slow grouping together and a wonderful unfolding. Life is an extraordinary work of art."
Presupposing a deep connection between life and art, Martí confirms the far-reaching need for poetry —understood as art or art culture in general—, when, with reference to a talk by Thomas Huxley, he wrote in 1882:
Beauty is a relief: a beautiful song is a good action: he who welcomes art and others into his heart has company throughout this bitter life: a good song is a welcome friend. And verses do not fade! They last longer than the empires in which they were sung, and than the fortresses that defended the empires. Troy is in ruins, not the Iliad.
And from this standpoint that affirms the importance of art for the individual, we can move to Martí´s categorical statement that says: "Oh, divine art! Art like the seasoning of food, preserves nations!" in an analysis in 1880 on "Art in the United States", no less, in which he also writes that "imagination is on watch so that nations are not corrupted", reflecting a clear idea of the social function of art as something able to shape national culture and to strengthen the preservation of traditions on which people´s sense of identity is founded.
From this philosophy on artistic culture inevitably derived the call to disseminate culture in general, as a body of knowledge and human achievement interacting with nature, so that man is in step with his times.
Martí expressed the conviction that one of the ways to achieve this level of general knowledge and even knowledge of science —knowledge that he considered essential and at the forefront in the modern world—, would be through learning about art culture: "Art brings the eye to life, makes it bigger and stimulates it, and it ennobles, makes things easier to perceive, and is called for by all cultures," is one fragment of his writings.
So that when Martí states that "Being educated is the only way of being free," he is basing his assertion on a solid conception of culture as a liberating force and generator of humanism. Martí did not aspire to simply achieving a general state of illustration, and much less to ensuring an impossible standardisation of education and culture. He wanted much more, nothing less than a transformation of the spirit that emanates from the real social emancipation of man.
Artistic culture was one of the most powerful allies of the transformation programme of this man of Our America.
Translation: Jackie Margaret Camon (Cubarte)
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